黄山不同高度雨滴谱的演变特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈聪  银燕  陈宝君 《大气科学学报》2015,38(3):388-395

选取2011年6月黄山地区一次降水过程,利用测得的雨滴谱资料对不同高度上降水微物理量及雨滴谱分布特征进行分析,并讨论其中的差异。结果表明:此次降水较强,各直径微物理量在山腰最大、山底次之、山顶最小;山腰的雨强最大,而山顶数浓度最大。在雨滴谱分布中,小于1mm的雨滴数密度是山顶大于山腰大于山底,这与小雨滴的蒸发和碰并有关;大于1.5 mm的雨滴数密度则是山腰大于山顶和山底,这可能与地形抬升使得云系加强有关。由各微物理量的时间序列可将降水过程分为两个阶段,第一阶段各微物理量值明显大于第二阶段,其中第一阶段的降水量约为第二阶段的3倍。雨强与雷达反射率、数浓度、最大直径近似成幂函数关系,其中雨强与雷达反射率相关性最好。  相似文献   

ENSO-independent contemporaneous variations of anomalous circulations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres: The polar-tropical seesaw mode     

唐卫亚  管兆勇 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2015,29(6):917-934

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and the ENSO indices from the Climate Prediction Center over the period 1978–2014, we have investigated the contemporaneous circulation variations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres by performing the singular value decomposition analysis of sea level pressure anomalies (SLPA) after the ENSO signal is regressed out. It is found that there exists a polar-tropical seesaw mode (PTSM) that characterizes with the out of phase fluctuations of SLPA between the polar and tropical regions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in boreal winter. This PTSM explains 47.74% of the total covariance of SLPA and is almost independent of ENSO. It demonstrates a long-term trend and oscillation cycles of 2–3 and 4–6 yr. The long-term trend in PTSM indicates that the sea level pressure gradually decreases in the tropics and increases in the polar region with time. This PTSM looks roughly symmetric about the equator besides the seesaw pattern of SLPA between the tropics and polar region in each hemisphere. The disturbances in the geopotential height field in association with the PTSM shows baroclinic features in the tropics whereas equivalent barotropic features in the mid and high latitudes in the troposphere. The anomalous thermal forcing in the tropical region is possibly one of the factors facilitating the formation of this PTSM. Significant global precipitation and temperature anomalies related to the PTSM are observed. In the positive PTSM phase, precipitation and temperature are higher than normal in southern Europe and the Mediterranean and surrounding areas, but lower than normal in northern Europe and Siberia. Precipitation is higher than normal while temperature is lower than normal in Northeast Asia. Significant temperature and precipitation anomalies possibly occur in the regions of western China, northern India, parts of North America, parts of subtropical Africa, Maritime Continent, and Antarctic. These results are helpful for better understanding of the circulation variations and the mechanisms behind the interactions between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and the related winter climate anomalies over globe.  相似文献   

Abundance and Distribution of Fatty Acids in Sediments of the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge     

HUANG Xin  ZENG Zhigang  CHEN Shuai  YIN Xuebo  WANG Xiaoyuan  MA Yao  YANG Baoju  RONG Kunbo  SHU Yunchao  JIANG Tao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2015,(2):277-283

Sediment samples obtained from the South Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) for the abundance and distributions of total fatty acids(TFAs). Approximately 34 fatty acids were identified, with the chain-lengths ranging from C12 to C30. The total concentrations of TFAs(∑TFA) ranged from 7.15 to 30.09 μg g-1 dry sediment, and ∑TFA was weakly correlated with bitumen content(R2 = 0.69). The ∑TFA of samples around hydrothermal areas were significantly higher than that of samples away from hydrothermal areas, indicating intense primary production and large biomass in the hydrothermal areas, and suggesting a close relationship between hydrothermal activity and ∑TFA of samples. The characteristics of the TFA composition in the present study are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and lacking in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratios between the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ΣTFAs in samples close to the hydrothermal areas, are about 0.8, but for samples far from the hydrothermal areas, they are only about 0.5. Several fatty acids(e.g., a/i C15:0 and C16:1ω7), which are signature biomarkers for sulfur-metabolizing bacteria, show the same distribution trend as ∑TFA of samples, further highlighting the close relationship between fatty acid content and hydrothermal activity and/or hydrothermal communities. The metabolic activities of hydrothermal communities, especially those of microorganisms, are likely the main source of fatty acids in samples.  相似文献   

山东省蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿地质特征     

尹健  王刚  王秀凤  刘继梅 《山东国土资源》2015,31(8)

蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿容矿构造为NW向断裂,具NW向成串分布的特点。NW向压扭性断裂与其派生的断裂裂隙系统是该区金矿床赋存空间的重要构造标志,构造破碎带中的钾化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化等蚀变是一种直接找矿标志。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属岩浆低中温热液充填交代蚀变岩型金矿床。  相似文献   

基于机器学习的多施工参数盾构施工姿态预测     

夏汉庸  尹和军  徐教煌  王嘉伟  黄毅 《测绘通报》2021,(1):157-160,164

针对盾构施工过程中参数易变、轴线难以预测控制的问题,本文提出了基于机器学习的多施工参数盾构施工姿态预测方法,分析了在复杂环境下影响盾构姿态掘进施工的参数,以及掘进参数和盾构姿态内在的关联关系,建立了盾构姿态预测模型,实现了盾首盾尾中心坐标与设计轴线的偏差计算;最后结合某地铁施工段,验证了该预测模型的可行性。  相似文献   

宝日希勒露天矿边坡滑前形变特征的时序InSAR分析     

殷幼松  王娜  李晓芳  刘广全  李杰 《北京测绘》2021,35(6):818-822

近年来,随着开采深度和边坡高度的不断增加,内蒙古宝日希勒露天矿区边坡稳定性问题日益突出,对矿区周围的工矿设备和工作人员的生命安全构成了威胁.2020年4月30日,该矿区工作帮发生体积约130万m3的大型滑坡,为研究此次边坡滑前的形变特征,本文采用39景Sentinel-1A卫星IW模式序列影像,以时序合成孔径雷达干涉(InSAR)技术为处理方法,获取了2019年1月4日至2020年4月28日矿区边坡滑移前的形变信息.经分析,该矿区东侧工作帮在监测时段内存在明显形变迹象,边坡滑移区域最大形变量超过1000 mm,且结合光学影像发现东侧边坡南端后缘于临滑前已出现明显的拉裂痕迹,InSAR监测结果与光学影像上滑坡发生后的轮廓位置相吻合.该结果表明InSAR技术在露天矿区边坡稳定性评价方面有很好的应用潜力,它能够在快速获取影像覆盖范围内各露天矿区边坡形变信息的基础上,为地面监测设备布设位置的合理选择提供指导.  相似文献   

基于格网模型的维特比旅游路径规划算法     

殷浤益  何贞铭  张颖  赵暖 《北京测绘》2021,35(7):884-889

传统的旅游路径规划算法大多仅考虑单因素的规划,即考虑景区对线路规划的影响,而现实中需考虑多因素(如景区、酒店、旅游时间和游客消费能力等)对旅游线路规划的作用.针对这一问题,提出一种结合格网模型的顾及多因素的维特比旅游路径规划算法.首先,利用高斯函数表达格网模型下的曼哈顿距离与状态转移概率之间的关系;其次建立景区、酒店的属性与游客需求之间的函数来表达观测状态概率;最后引入维特比算法求得旅游线路的最优解,并用实验证明了该算法的合理性.  相似文献   

结合地理空间数据的输电线路通道潜在滑坡体稳定性评价     

王景致  尹海兵  袁嘉彬  初金良  高磊 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(5):31-35

输电线路常需要通过地质灾害危险区域,对输电线路通道所经区域的潜在滑坡体进行稳定性分析及安全评价具有重要意义.本文基于直升机扫描LiDAR DEM和DOM数据,利用地理空间信息处理技术和有限元强度折减法分析,对某输电线路通道潜在滑坡安全隐患的边坡进行了分析计算.首先对输电线路通道原始扫描数据进行处理,提取滑坡体参数,再通过有限元软件建立滑坡体的三维地质模型;然后,利用强度折减法对潜在滑坡体进行自然、暴雨工况下的数值模拟和稳定性计算,求出滑坡体的安全系数,获得滑坡体应力、应变和位移云图,综合评价线路通道潜在滑坡体的稳定状态,为输电线路电力设施通道滑坡灾害防治安全设计和施工提供科学依据.  相似文献   

航空重力测量的空中数据处理与分析     

尹伟言  周睿  田源  赵俊  李琦 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(10):196-199,203

针对航空重力测量的原始扰动数据,本文介绍了数据处理的一般流程,内容包括原始数据检查、零点漂移校正、平均高程面归算、交叉点搜寻、内符合精度评价、离散数据的格网化等方面,详细说明了每一步数据处理的理论模型,并通过工程实例对计算结果进行了讨论和分析,为今后开展大规模航空重力测量业务作出一定的尝试和探索.  相似文献   

《第一次全国地理国情普查地图集》设计与编制     

殷红梅  于荣花 《测绘地理信息》2021,46(1):34-37

《第一次全国地理国情普查地图集》是第一部综合反映中国地理国情基本特征的大型专题地图集,多尺度、多层次地展现了中国山、水、林、田、湖、草等地表自然要素以及房屋建筑区、铁路与道路等人文地理要素的地理位置与空间分布信息,是地理国情普查成果体系的重要组成部分。阐述了该地图集的内容设计与制图表达概况,重点介绍了该地图集设计思想、内容设计与组织、制图表达、装帧设计等方面的内容。该地图集可为政府与行业部门优化国土空间、建设生态文明、实施发展战略等工作提供基础资料和科学依据。  相似文献